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Are Interactive Movies Games or Art?

Karina Longworth
By Karina Longworth posted 1 year ago
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Last week, I followed a link from Fimoculous to Wired’s GameLife, where blogger Chris Baker attempted to quell the anti-Roger Ebert sentiment in the game community by posting a game review written by Ebert for the magazine. If you just read that sentence and immediately asked yourself, “What anti-Roger Ebert sentiment in the video game community?” … well, let me back up a bit.

In 2005, Ebert fired the first of several shots in what appears to have been an accidental battle, by admitting to never having played the video game that inspired the movie Doom. A reader named Vikram Keskar wrote in with an extremely well-articulated letter of protest:

Doom works as a tribute because it fails so utterly as a movie. There is a reason so many video game-based movies suck: They are fundamentally different forms of representation. Thus by being faithful to the game, the movie pisses off the critic and pleases the gamer.

…to which Ebert rather flippantly responded:

Seen as a moviegoing experience, [Doom] was not a good one. There are specialist sites on the Web devoted to video games, and they review movies on their terms. I review them on mine. As long as there is a great movie unseen or a great book unread, I will continue to be unable to find the time to play video games.

This initiated about 18 months worth of back-and-forth between Ebert (who spent several months during that stretch recovering from cancer-related surgery) and the game community, which Ebert re-ignited with this column two weeks ago. “Of course, I was asking for it,” Ebert admitted. “Anything can be art. Even a can of Campbell’s soup. What I should have said is that games could not be high art, as I understand it…Art seeks to lead you to an inevitable conclusion, not a smorgasbord of choices.”

As far as I can tell, no one on Ebert’s opposition has made a compelling case for why games *should* be considered art, or why any gamer would care if a film critic thinks video games qualify as art; it seems like the general gamer opinion was, to quote a comment from GameLife, “Ebert is just a miserable, old troll who should just continue to kick it under his bridge in Hollywood.” So Baker’s post (which is sympathetic to Ebert’s argument) was designed to provide evidence to debate that point: “Roger Ebert, does, in fact, know about video games. So there.”

As I said at the start of this post, I read all of this last week and didn’t feel compelled to blog about it then. So why dredge it up now? I was reminded of this whole debate by this post on the FILMMAKER Blog, about something called Mutable Cinema (see screenshot above). Michal Zebede explains:

Mutable Cinema is an interactive movie installation which allows people to personalize and create their own viewing experience. An audience watches as a player edits movie clips in real time and generate new narrative sequences from a database of pre-formatted audio/visual content. The player interacts with the Mutable Cinema Interactive Engine by choosing clips to play on the big screen, organizing them, and selecting different point of views. Since this action takes place in real time, the player sometimes struggles and scrambles to keep up, just barely assembling a meaningful story.

So it’s a movie played like a game, but one which still produces a performance for an audience, which in turn sounds something like a cross between film and theater. I think I actually agree with Ebert’s basic argument, insofar as that within the actual experience of gameplay, the competitive performance and technique of the game player usually trumps the artistic intentions of the game maker, although I strongly disagree with the critic’s contention that fine art is defined by “inevitable conclusions.” But I do wonder where Ebert would place something like Mutable Cinema on the fine art scale. Would it be art for every audience member except for the “player”, for whom it would be a game? Would attending a Mutable Cinema event be more equivalent to watching Wimbledon than to seeing a movie? Does the very concept of interactive film playing blow the game vs. art problem to pieces?

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  • Are Interactive Movies Games or Art? - Movie reviews - Spout said

    [...] (more…) Originally posted on:Spoutblog [...]

  • Chuck said

    Lots to mull over here, and once I play with Mutable Cinema for a bit, I’ll try to blog about it. I think you’re absolutely right about art necessarily leading to “inevitable conclusions.” That’s a very strict, limiting definition of art.

    I have some problems with this binary between “games” and “art,” but I think I’m simply generally skeptical when it comes to reifying something as a work of art because that often carries with it the perception that the artwork is somehow removed from mass culture.

    I think that the idea of game as art form is less about the competitive performance than the narrative world scripted by the game’s designers. That being said, I’m not sure what the benefit would be of looking at Doom, WoW, or even Pac-Man as a work of art.

  • The Chutry Experiment » Mutable Cinema said

    [...] as “art,” the narrative structure of much interactive cinema seems to be related to gaming narratives, which was certainly the case with Mystery at Mansfield Manor, an interactive movie I reviewed [...]

  • gabe said

    That gamers are so invested in the issue of whether a video game ought to be considered art is itself worthy of note. Ebert’s assertion that “anything can be art. Even a can of Campbell’s soup” seems an acceptable compromise. The distinction he makes between high art and art, and his rationale for the distinction are more puzzling: ” What I should have said is that games could not be high art, as I understand it…Art seeks to lead you to an inevitable conclusion, not a smorgasbord of choices.” Were we to transpose this argument to the world of Board Games, which would be considered art? Chess–arguably the masterpiece of boardgames is defined by its choices–its conclusion anything by inevitable. Yet there are times when the game becomes art. Likewise–Go. Meanwhile games like Candyland or Chutes and Ladders would hardly be considered works of art–yet there is an artistry to each.

  • Kevin Buist said

    as a film lover, artist, and gamer, this topic is pretty interesting to me.

    i agree that Ebert’s definition of art is hopelessly strict and outdated. the only way he’s able to remain an even semi-relevant critic is because he works in film, an art form filled a lot of conventions.

    i do see a value in looking at video games as art. or maybe i should say looking at them through the lens of art. whether or not the programmers of WoW or DOOM intended it to be Art with a capital A isn’t really relevant. but what these games do offer is a fascinating look into how new media shapes visual culture, community, and narrative. kind of like the way LOLcats and 1337speak aren’t poetry, but if you want to find the really interesting, cutting edge ways that the rules of language are being stretched, look no further. who cares what it’s called?

  • Chuck said

    Just to push things a little further, Ebert isn’t actually saying that a Campbbell’s is art, but only its representation by Warhol (something he acknowledges at the end of the essay), so there’s an inherent dodge that he’s taking, one based on the need for the (great) artist to confer the status of art onto an object.

  • Kevin Buist said

    the relationship between artist and viewer is becoming more and more murky, as far as a see it. what’s great about games is they effectively offer a 3rd role, the player. so who’s the artist? the programmer or the player? both. or neither. it doesn’t really matter. the very fact that game are so good at confusing this point is what makes them interesting to view as art. in that case, it starts to look like i’m the artist, because i’m the viewer who decided to declare games art (a la Duchamp and his urinal, Warhol and his soup can).

    in the end i don’t think it requires a genius artist to pin a label on it. if we collectively decide to look at games as if they’re art, we’ll learn from them the same way we do from the other arts.

  • Vidiocy » Blatant Self Promotion Roundup #308 said

    [...] Roger Ebert has rankled gamer fanboys by insisting that video games are not fine art. But what about interactive, game-like movies? [...]

  • games to play at work said

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